Chemistry 111
Walczak
April 27, 2004
Macronutrients: Lipids, Carbohydrates and Protein
Write the two structures above in condensed notation.
CH3(CH2)14COOH CH3(CH2)4CH=CH(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
What class of molecules do these structures belong to?
Both of these are fatty acids. The first is saturated, the second is
polyunsaturated.
What functional group(s) do these molecules have?
Carboxylic Acids
Do you expect either of these molecules to be a solid at room temperature? Why or why not?
Saturated fatty acids, like the first one, are solids at room temperature; Mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature.
Do you expect these molecules to be more soluble in aqueous solution or in oil? Why?
Due to the large non-polar portion of the molecule, these will be more soluble in oil.
Consider the structure of table sugar, sucrose:
What is the chemical formula for sucrose?
C6H12O6
What functional groups does sucrose contain?
Alcohols and ethers.
Do you expect sucrose to be more soluble in aqueous solution or in oil? Why?
Due to the highly polar nature of this molecule, it will be more soluble in aqueous solution.
All amino acids have the same general structure:
Where “R” represents one of about 20 different groups.
Carbon atoms that have four different groups attached to them are called chiral. Sketch the two enantiomers for this generic amino acid.
Write the condensation reaction that occurs when amino acids polymerize. Choose two amino acids from Table 11.5 (page 282-3) in your book.
What is the abbreviated name for this dipeptide?
Aspartic Acid and Serine: Asparytlserine: Asp Ser
What functional groups do peptides (or proteins) contain?
Carboxylic Acids, Amino Groups,
Amides, and possibly alcohols.
Do you expect your dipeptide to be more soluble in aqueous solution or in oil? Why?
Due to the highly polar nature of
this dipeptide, it will be more soluble in aqueous solution. Depending on the nature of the R group,
some dipeptides might be reasonably soluble in oil. The amide part of the molecule will, however, always impart
some polar nature to the dipeptide.
Identify all the functional groups in the following molecules. To what class of molecule does each one belong?
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Dipeptide: Carboxylic Acid, Amine, Amide |
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Ketone: Methyl Ethyl Ketone |
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Disaccharide
(Sucrose): Alcohols, Ethers |
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Ester and
Alcohol |
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Ester of a Fatty
Acid |
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Monosaccharide
(Glucose): Alcohols, Ethers |
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Lipid
(Triglyceride): Esters, Saturated |
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Lipid
(Triglyceride): Esters,
Unsaturated |
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Glycerol: (poly)alcohol |
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Amine Acid (Glycine):
Carboxylic Acid, Amine |
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Amide |
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Amine Acid (Alanine):
Carboxylic Acid, Amine |
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Monosaccharide (Fructose): Alcohols, Ethers |
