Watershed Conservation in the Northfield Agricultural Community:
Literature Cited

 

Home
 

Methodology
 

Literature Review

-- Sustainable Ag and 
    Watershed Conservation
-- Government Programs
-- Barriers to Conservation
    Farming
-- Creating an Enabling 
    Environment for 
    Conservation Farming
 

Research Project: Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN

--  Watershed Conservation
    on Northfield Farms
-- Government Programs
-- Barriers to Conservation
    Farming
-- Creating an Enabling 
    Environment for 
    Conservation Farming
 

In Pictures: Northfield Farms
 

Educational Program Development for Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN
 

Conclusions
 

Acknowledgements
 

Literature Cited
 

Citations are organized into sections of the Introduction, Literature Review, and Research Project (Ecological, Political, Economic, and Social Aspects of Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN) in order to group sources with similar themes.  Many are listed under multiple sections. 

Introduction

Anderson, J., P. Brezonik, W. Koskinen, G. Malzer, J. Nieber, and R. Becker.  2001.  Agricultural impacts on water quality: research plan for 2001-2005.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service.  Accessed online at http://wrc.coafes.umn.edu/CAIWQ/research.htm 

Jackson, L.L.  2002.  Restoring Prairie Processes to Farmlands.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 137-154. 

Randall, G.W.  2003. Present-day agriculture in southern Minnesota: is it sustainable?  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center. 

Randall, G.W., T.L. Wagar, N.B. Senjem, L.M. Busman, and J.F. Moncrief.  2002.  Tillage best management practices for water quality protection in southern Minnesota.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service. 

Tilman, D.  1999.  Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96: 5995-6000 
 
 

Ecological Research: Connections Between Sustainable Agriculture and Watershed Conservation

Altieri, M.  1987.  Agroecology: the scientific basis of alternative agriculture.  Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 

Allan, J.D., D.L. Erickson, and J. Fay.  1997.  The influence of catchment land use on stream integrity across multiple spatial scales.  Freshwater Biology 37:149-161. 

Caporali, F. and A. Onnis.  1992.  Validity of rotation as an effective agroecological principle for a sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 41: 101-113. 

Chan-Muehlbauer, C., J. Dansingburg, and D. Gunnick.  An agriculture that makes sense: profitability of four sustainable farms in Minnesota.  The Land Stewardship Project: St. Croix, MN. 

Cunningham, W.P. and B. W. Saigo.  2001.  Environmental science: a global concern.  McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, NY. 

Drinkwater, L.E., P. Wagoner, and M. Sarrantonio.  1998. Legume-based cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses.  Nature 396: 262-265. 

Follett, R.F. and J.A. Delgado.  2002.  Nitrogen fate and transport in agricultural systems.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(6): 402-407. 

Gergel, S.E., M.G. Turner, J.R. Miller, J.M. Melack, and E.H. Stanley.  2002.  Landscape indicators of human impacts to riverine systems.  Aquatic Sciences 64: 118-128. 

Gregory, M.M., K.L. Shea, and G. Bakko.  2003.  Comparing agroecosystems: effects of cropping and tillage patterns on soil, water, energy use, and productivity.  St. Olaf College Biology 398 Independent Research, Fall 2003. 

Gregory, M.M. and A. Primack.  2003.  Impacts of land cover on water quality in an agricultural watershed: land-use, spatial, and scale effects.  NSF / Miami University Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program, Summer 2003. 

Hansen, N.C., T.C. Daniel, A.N. Sharpley, and J.L. Lemuyon.  2002.  The fate and transport of phosphorous in agricultural systems.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(6): 408-417. 

Holland, E.A. and D.C. Coleman.  1987.  Litter placement effects on microbial and organic matter dynamics in an agricultural ecosystem.  Ecology 68(2): 425-433. 

Howarth, R.W., G. Billen, D. Swaney, A. Townsend, N. Jaworksi, K. Lajtha, J.A. Downing, R. Elmgren, N. Caraco, and Jordan.  1996.  Biogeochemistry 35: 181-226. 

Hunsaker, C.T. and D.A. Levine.  1995.  Hierarchical approaches to the study of water quality in rivers.  BioScience 45(3): 193-203. 

Jackson, L.L.  2002.  Restoring prairie processes to farmlands.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 137-154. 

Johnson, L.B., C. Richards, G.E. Host, and J.W. Arthur.  1997.  Landscape influences on water chemistry in Midwestern stream ecosystems.  Freshwater Biology 37: 193-208. 

Jordan, N.R.  2002.  Sustaining production with biodiversity.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 155-168. 

McDowell, R.W., A.N. Sharpley, L.M. Condron, P.M. Haygarth, and P.C. Brookes.  2001.  Processes controlling phosphorus release to runoff and implications for agricultural management. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 59: 269-284. 

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA).  1998.  Nitrates in Minnesota’s ground water.  Accessed online at: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/pubs/fsgwnitr.pdf 

Omernick, J.M., A.R. Abernathy, and L.M. Male.  1981.  Stream nutrient levels and proximity of agricultural and forest land to streams: some relationships.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 36: 227-231. 

Osborne, L.L. and M.J. Wiley.  1988.  Empirical relationship between land use/ cover and stream water quality in an agricultural watershed.  Journal of Environment Management 26:9-27. 

Perry, C.D., G. Vellidis, R. Lowrance, and D.L. Thomas.  1999.  Watershed-scale water quality impacts of riparian forest management.  Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE 125(3): 117-125. 

Pimentel, D., U. Stachow, D.A. Takas, H.W. Brubaker, A.R. Dumas, J.J. Meaney, J.A.S. O’Neil, D.E. Onsi, and D.B. Corzilius.  1992.  Conserving biological diversity in agricultural / forestry systems.  BioScience 42(5):354-362. 

Pimentel, D., C. Harvey, P. Pesosudarmo, K. Sinclair, D. Kurz, M. McNair, S. Crist, L. Shpritz, L. Fitton, and R. Blair.  1995.  Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits.  Science 267: 1117-1123. 

Poincelot, R. P.  Sustaining resources: soil.  In Raymond Poincelot,  Toward a More Sustainable Agriculture, pp. 116-160.  Westport, CT: AVI Publishing Company, Inc. 

Randall, G.W.  2003. Present-day agriculture in southern Minnesota: is it sustainable?  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center. 

Randall, G.W., D.R. Huggins, M.P. Ruselle, D.J. Fuchs, W.W. Nelson, and J.L. Anderson.  1997.  Nitrate losses through subsurface tile drainage in Conservation Reserve Program, alfalfa, and row crop systems.  Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 1240-1247. 

Randall, G.W., T.L. Wagar, N.B. Senjem, L.M. Busman, and J.F. Moncrief.  2002.  Tillage best management practices for water quality protection in southern Minnesota.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service. 

Sharpley, A.N.  1993.  Assessing phosphorous bioavailability in agricultural soils and runoff.  Fertilizer Research 36:259-272. 

Sharpley, A.N., S.J. Smith, O.R. Jones, W.A. Berg, and G.A. Coleman.  1992.  The transport of bioavailable phosphorus in agricultural runoff.  Journal of Environmental Quality 21: 30-35. 

Tabacchi, E., D. L. Correll, R. Hauer, G. Pinay, A.M.Planty-Tabacchi, & R.C. Wissmar.  1998.  Development, maintenance, and role of riparian vegetation in the river landscape.  Freshwater Biology 40: 497-516. 

Tilman, D.  1999.  Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96: 5995-6000 

United States Department of Agriculture / Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA / NRCS).  1999.  CORE4 Conservation Practices: The Common Sense Approach to Natural Resource Conservation.  Washington, D.C.: USDA. 

Uri, N.D.  1999.  The use of no-till farming in U.S. agriculture: farmers’ perceptions versus reality.  Journal of Sustainable Agiculture 15(2/3): 5-17. 

Wear, D.N., M.G. Turner, and R.J. Naiman.  1998.  Land cover along an urban-rural gradient: implications for water quality.  Ecological Applications 8(3): 619-630. 

Woodmansee.  Comparative nutrient cycles of natural and agricultural ecosystems.  In Lowrance et. al. (eds.), Agricultural Ecosystems: Unifying Concepts.  New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience Publications, John Wiley and Sons.  pp. 145-156 
 
 

Government Programs: Effects on Conservation Farming

Baughman, M.J.  2002.  Financial aid to private landowners.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service.  Accessed online at: http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD5946.html 

Canon River Watershed Partnerhip (CRWP).  2003.  SE MN to be a part of CREP.  Watershed Watcher, Nov. 2002, 12(6): 3. 

Farm Service Agency (FSA).  1997.  Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program.  Accessed online at: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/crp1.pdf

Farm Service Agency (FSA).  1997.  Conservation Reserve Program.  Accessed online at: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/crep03.pdf

Hosansky, D.  2002. Farm subsidies: do they favor large farming operations?”  CQ Researcher, 17 May 2002, 12(19): 433-456. 

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003a.  Congress urged to reject anti-conservation budget.  The Land Stewardship Letter, Jan/Feb/Mar 2003, 21(1):8. 

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003b.  Conservation Security Program fact sheet #1: CSP – get paid for real conservation.  Accessed online at: http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/CSP01.pdf

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003c.  Conservation Security Program fact sheet #2: CSP – resources of concern.  Accessed online at: http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/CSP02.pdf

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2004a.  Conservation Security Program fact sheet #4: CSP – update on USDA’s proposed rules.  Accessed online at: http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/CSP04.pdf

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2004b.  Conservation Security Program fact sheet #5: CSP – commenting on the USDA’s proposed rules.  Accessed online at: http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/CSP05.pdf

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  2002a.  Farm Bill 2002: conservation provisions overview.  Accessed online at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/2002/pdf/ConsProv.pdf 

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  2003a.  Farm Bill 2002: Conservation Security Program  Accessed online at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/2002/pdf/cspfact.pdf 

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  2003b.  Farm Bill 2002: Environmental Quality Incentives Program.  Accessed online at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/2002/pdf/EQIPFct.pdf

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  2003c.  Farm Bill 2002: Wetlands Reserve Program.  Accessed online at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/2002/pdf/WRPFct.pdf

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  2002b.  Farm Bill 2002: summary of NRCS conservation programs.  Accessed online at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/2002/pdf/ProgSum.pdf
 
 

Barriers to Conservation Farming: Political, Economic, and Social Aspects

Bell-Sheeter, A.  2003.  ‘Wins’ and ‘losses’ in the 2002 Farm Bill: overview of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002.  First Nations Development Institute, in consultation with the Intertribal Agricultural Council.  Accessed online at: http://www.firstnations.org/narc/iniatives/Publications/NAFSI2002FB.pdf 

Brennan, S.  2003.  The new Conservation Security Program: a knight in shining armor or false victory?”  Watershed Watcher, Nov. 2003, 12(6): 1, 7. 

Cox, C.  2001.  Conservation in the 2002 Farm Bill: centerpiece or afterthought?  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Winter 2001, 56(1): 2-3. 

Environmental Working Group (EWG).  2002a.  About the 2002 Farm Bill: a missed opportunity.  Accessed online at: http://www.ewg.org/farm/farmbill/stake.php 

Environmental Working Group (EWG).  2002b.  Conservation and crop subsidy spending of the 2002 Farm Bill.  Accessed online at: http://www.ewg.org/farm/farmbill/finalnumbers.php

Environmental Working Group (EWG).  2002c.  EWG Farm Subsidy Database.  Accessed online at: http://www.ewg.org/farm/findings.php

Gray, A.W.  2002a.  2002 Farm Bill: impacts on decisions at the farm.  Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service.  Accessed online at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/farmbill/CES-342.pdf 

Gray, A.W.  2002b.  Possible consequences of the 2002 Farm Bill.  Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service.  Accessed online at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/farmbill/CES-343.pdf 

Hansen, B.  2003.  Crisis on the Plains: can dying rural communities be saved?  CQ Researcher, 9 May 2003, 13(18)417-448. 

Hassebrook, C. 2002.  Will rural America have a future?  The New York Times, 14 April 2002, p. A13. 

Hoefner, F.  2002.  At issue: should the government limit payments to individual farmers? – Yes.  CQ Researcher, 17 May 2002, 12(19): 449. 

Hosansky, D.  2002.  Farm subsidies: do they favor large farming operations?”  CQ Researcher, 17 May 2002, 12(19): 433-456. 

Lancaster, J.  2002.  More subsidy money going to fewer farms: skewed program draws Senate scrutiny.  The Washington Post, 24 Jan. 2002, p. A1. 

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003d.  Getting a handle on the barriers to financing sustainable agriculture: the gaps between farmers and lenders in Minnesota and Wisconsin.  Accessed online at http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/edsurvey.pdf 

Napier, T.L., M. Tucker, and S. McCarter.  2000.  Adoption of conservation production systems in three Midwest watersheds.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 55(2):123-142. 

Mittal, A.  2002.  Giving away the farm: the 2002 Farm Bill.  Institute for Food and Development Policy, Food First Backgrounder 8:3. 

Rosset, P. 1999. The multiple functions and benefits of small farm agriculture in the context of global trade negotiations. Institute for Food and Development Policy, Food First Policy Brief 4. 

Rural Coalition.  2002a.  Campaign for a just food and farm policy: 2002 Farm Bill Report.  Accessed online at: http://www.ruralco.org/html2/farmbillreport.html 

Streit, P.  2003.  An introduction to agriculture from the farmer’s perspectives: a guide for non-agricultural people to better understand how farmers view farming.  St. Olaf College Environmental Studies 399 Research Project, Spring 2003.  Accessed online at: http://www.stolaf.edu/depts/environmental-studies/courses/es-399 
%20home/es-399-03/Projects/Ag%20Perspectives/index.html 

Upadhyay, B.M., D.L. Young, H.H. Wang, and P. Wandschnieder.  2003.  How do farmers who adopt multiple conservation practices differ from their neighbors?  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18(1): 27-36. 

Walker, D.J., M.A. Brusven, and S. Wu.  2000.  The efficiency and effectiveness of conservation compliance under the 1996 farm commodity policy reforms.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 55(4): 447-461. 

Wandel, J. and J. Smithers.  2000.  Factors affecting the adoption of conservation tillage on clay soils in southwestern Ontario, Canada.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15(4):181-188. 
 
 

Creating an Enabling Environment for Conservation Farming

Badgley, C.  2003.  The farmer as conservationist.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18(4):206-212. 

Campbell, D.  1997.  Community-controlled economic development as a strategic vision for the sustainable agriculture movement.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 12(1): 37-44. 

Caswell, M.  2001.  The change to conservation: moving farmers toward new production practices.  Agricultural Outlook, May 2001.  USDA Economic Research Service. 

Cox, C.  2001.  Conservation in the 2002 Farm Bill: centerpiece or afterthought?  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Winter 2001, 56(1): 2-3. 

DeVore, B.A.  2002.  Why do they do it?  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 107-118. 

Environmental Working Group (EWG).  2002a.  About the 2002 Farm Bill: a missed opportunity.  Accessed online at: http://www.ewg.org/farm/farmbill/stake.php

Environmental Working Group (EWG).  2002b. Conservation and crop subsidy spending of the 2002 Farm Bill.  Accessed online at: http://www.ewg.org/farm/farmbill/finalnumbers.php

Jackson, D.L.  2002.  Food and biodiversity.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 247-260. 

Korfmacher, K.S.  2000.  Farmland preservation and sustainable agriculture: grassroots and policy connections.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15(1): 37-43. 

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003d. Getting a handle on the barriers to financing sustainable agriculture: the gaps between farmers and lenders in Minnesota and Wisconsin.  Accessed online at http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/edsurvey.pdf

Randall, G.W.  2003. Present-day agriculture in southern Minnesota: is it sustainable?  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center. 

Rosset, Peter. 1999. The multiple functions and benefits of small farm agriculture in the context of global trade negociations. Institute for Food and Development Policy, Food First Policy Brief 4. 

Rural Coalition.  2002a.  Campaign for a just food and farm policy: 2002 Farm Bill Report.  Accessed online at: http://www.ruralco.org/html2/farmbillreport.html 

Rural Coalition.  2002b.  Campaign for a just food and farm policy: policy paper.  Accessed online at http://www.ruralco.org/html2/action/policycenter/farmpolicypaper.html

Upadhyay, B.M., D.L. Young, H.H. Wang, and P. Wandschnieder.  2003.  How do farmers who adopt multiple conservation practices differ from their neighbors?  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18(1): 27-36. 

Wandel, J. and J. Smithers.  2000.  Factors affecting the adoption of conservation tillage on clay soils in southwestern Ontario, Canada.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15(4):181-188. 
 
 

Watershed Conservation on Northfield, MN Farms

Altieri, M.  1987.  Agroecology: the scientific basis of alternative agriculture.  Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 

Caporali, F. and A. Onnis.  1992.  Validity of rotation as an effective agroecological principle for a sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 41: 101-113. 

Chan-Muehlbauer, C., J. Dansingburg, and D. Gunnick.  An agriculture that makes sense: profitability of four sustainable farms in Minnesota.  The Land Stewardship Project: St. Croix, MN. 

Follett, R.F. and J.A. Delgado.  2002.  Nitrogen fate and transport in agricultural systems.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(6): 402-407. 

Giebnik, B.  1995.  Crop management systems impact on ground water nitrate.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service.  Accessed online at: http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/naturalresources/DD6580.html 

Gregory, M.M., K.L. Shea, and G. Bakko.  2003.  Comparing agroecosystems: effects of cropping and tillage patterns on soil, water, energy use, and productivity.  St. Olaf College Biology 398 Independent Research, Fall 2003. 

Hansen, N.C., T.C. Daniel, A.N. Sharpley, and J.L. Lemuyon.  2002.  The fate and transport of phosphorous in agricultural systems.  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(6): 408-417. 

Holland, E.A. and D.C. Coleman.  1987.  Litter placement effects on microbial and organic matter dynamics in an agricultural ecosystem.  Ecology 68(2): 425-433. 

Jackson, L.L.  2002.  Restoring prairie processes to farmlands.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 137-154. 

Randall, G.W. 2003. Present-day agriculture in southern Minnesota: is it sustainable?  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center. 

Randall, G.W. and M.A. Schmitt.  1998.  Best management practices for nitrogen use in southeastern Minnesota.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service.  Accessed online at: http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/DC6126.html 

Randall, G.W., D.R. Huggins, M.P. Ruselle, D.J. Fuchs, W.W. Nelson, and J.L. Anderson.  1997.  Nitrate losses through subsurface tile drainage in Conservation Reserve Program, alfalfa, and row crop systems.  Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 1240-1247. 

Randall, G.W., T.L. Wagar, N.B. Senjem, L.M. Busman, and J.F. Moncrief.  2002.  Tillage best management practices for water quality protection in southern Minnesota.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service. 

Sharpley, A.N.  1993.  Assessing phosphorous bioavailability in agricultural soils and runoff.  Fertilizer Research 36:259-272. 

Sharpley, A.N., S.J. Smith, O.R. Jones, W.A. Berg, and G.A. Coleman.  1992.  The transport of bioavailable phosphorus in agricultural runoff.  Journal of Environmental Quality 21: 30-35. 

United States Department of Agriculture / Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA / NRCS).  1999.  CORE4 Conservation Practices: The Common Sense Approach to Natural Resource Conservation.  Washington, D.C.: USDA. 

Uri, N.D.  1999.  The use of no-till farming in U.S. agriculture: farmers’ perceptions versus reality.  Journal of Sustainable Agiculture 15(2/3): 5-17. 
 
 

Government Programs: Effects on Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN

Hosansky, D.  2002. Farm subsidies: do they favor large farming operations?”  CQ Researcher, 17 May 2002, 12(19): 433-456. 

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003a.  Congress urged to reject anti-conservation budget.  The Land Stewardship Letter, Jan/Feb/Mar 2003, 21(1):8. 

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2004b.  Conservation Security Program fact sheet #5: CSP – commenting on the USDA’s proposed rules.  Accessed online at: http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/CSP05.pdf

Land Stewardship Project (LSP).  2003d.  Getting a handle on the barriers to financing sustainable agriculture: the gaps between farmers and lenders in Minnesota and Wisconsin.  Accessed online at http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/pdf/edsurvey.pdf

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  2003a.  Farm Bill 2002: Conservation Security Program  Accessed online at: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/farmbill/2002/pdf/cspfact.pdf 
 
 

Barriers to Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN

Bowe, J.  2003a.  Nobodies: does slavery exist in America?  The New Yorker, 21-28 April 2003, pp. 106-133. 

Bowe, J.  2003b.  A shameful harvest: immigrant farmworkers are one step away – and sometimes less – from slavery.  The American Prospect 14(7), July/August 2003.  pp. 38-39. 

Gray, A.W.  2002a.  2002 Farm Bill: impacts on decisions at the farm.  Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service.  Accessed online at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/farmbill/CES-342.pdf 

Gray, A.W.  2002b.  Possible consequences of the 2002 Farm Bill.  Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service.  Accessed online at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/farmbill/CES-343.pdf 

Gregory, M.M., K.L. Shea, and G. Bakko.  2003.  Comparing agroecosystems: effects of cropping and tillage patterns on soil, water, energy use, and productivity.  St. Olaf College Biology 398 Independent Research, Fall 2003. 

Hoefner, F.  2002.  At issue: should the government limit payments to individual farmers? – Yes.  CQ Researcher, 17 May 2002, 12(19): 449. 

Jackson, L.L.  2002.  Restoring prairie processes to farmlands.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 137-154. 

Mittal, A.  2002.  Giving away the farm: the 2002 Farm Bill.  Institute for Food and Development Policy, Food First Backgrounder 8:3. 

Randall, G.W. 2003. Present-day agriculture in southern Minnesota: is it sustainable?  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center. 

Randall, G.W., D.R. Huggins, M.P. Ruselle, D.J. Fuchs, W.W. Nelson, and J.L. Anderson.  1997.  Nitrate losses through subsurface tile drainage in Conservation Reserve Program, alfalfa, and row crop systems.  Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 1240-1247. 

Randall, G.W., T.L. Wagar, N.B. Senjem, L.M. Busman, and J.F. Moncrief.  2002.  Tillage best management practices for water quality protection in southern Minnesota.  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service. 

Wandel, J. and J. Smithers.  2000.  Factors affecting the adoption of conservation tillage on clay soils in southwestern Ontario, Canada.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15(4):181-188. 
 
 

Creating an Enabling Environment for Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN

Badgley, C.  2003.  The farmer as conservationist.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18(4):206-212. 

Campbell, D.  1997.  Community-controlled economic development as a strategic vision for the sustainable agriculture movement.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 12(1): 37-44. 

Cox, C.  2001.  Conservation in the 2002 Farm Bill: centerpiece or afterthought?  Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Winter 2001, 56(1): 2-3. 

DeVore, B.A.  2002.  Why do they do it?  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 107-118. 

Jackson, D.L.  2002.  Food and biodiversity.  In D.L. Jackson and L.L. Jackson (eds.).  The Farm as Natural Habitat.  Washington, D.C.: Island Press.  pp. 247-260. 

Korfmacher, K.S.  2000.  Farmland preservation and sustainable agriculture: grassroots and policy connections.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15(1): 37-43. 

Leopold, A.  1949.  A Sand County almanac and sketches here and there.  Oxford University Press: New York, NY. 

Randall, G.W. 2003. Present-day agriculture in southern Minnesota: is it sustainable?  Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center. 

Rural Coalition.  2002a.  Campaign for a just food and farm policy: 2002 Farm Bill Report.  Accessed online at: http://www.ruralco.org/html2/farmbillreport.html

Rural Coalition.  2002b.  Campaign for a just food and farm policy: policy paper.  Accessed online at http://www.ruralco.org/html2/action/policycenter/farmpolicypaper.html 

Streit, P.  2003.  An introduction to agriculture from the farmer’s perspectives: a guide for non-agricultural people to better understand how farmers view farming.  St. Olaf College Environmental Studies 399 Research Project, Spring 2003.  Accessed online at: http://www.stolaf.edu/depts/environmental-studies/courses/es-399 
%20home/es-399-03/Projects/Ag%20Perspectives/index.html 

Wandel, J. and J. Smithers.  2000.  Factors affecting the adoption of conservation tillage on clay soils in southwestern Ontario, Canada.  American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 15(4):181-188. 
 
 

--- Home --- Methodology --- Literature Review --- Watershed Conservation on Northfield Farms ---  In Pictures: Northfield Farms ---  Educational Program Development for Conservation Farming in Northfield, MN --- Conclusions --- Acknowledgements --- 

Unless otherwise noted, all photos on this site were taken by the author (Megan Gregory).