SPECIES PROFILES:

The Parts that Make up the Whole

 
TREE SPECIES
 
FLOWER SPECIES
 
GRASS SPECIES
 

A true understanding of the whole can be reached by an investigation and understanding of its parts. There are many species that live and thrive in the Cannon River Watershed, each bringing life to the wetlands, prairies, and forests of the region. Plant species are just one category of organisms that have their own niche within the habitats that make up this varied landscape. The uniqeness of not only each species, but of each individual plant becomes apparent when studying the details of what may initially seem a miniscule part of the whole. With this realization comes appreciation and connection with not only the individual piece, but what it is a part of- whether it may be a branch, a tree, a forest, a city, a watershed, a state, or even a country for that matter. These plants do not only exist within the Cannon River Watershed, but exists as parts of a whole in other places as well. These are my original drawings of species that exists within the Cannon River Watershed in addition to written descriptions of their characteristics, a study that involves an attention to the layering details that make up the parts of a whole.

TREE SPECIES

SUGAR MAPLE

Acer saccharum

Family Aceraceae - Maple family

Other Names: Hard maple (Rathke).

Growth: Perennial; U.S.native; grows 40-70'; moderate fire tolerance; shade tolerant (USDA, NRCS, 2004).

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Inconspicuous yellow flowers; brown fruits/seeds (USDA, NRCS, 2004); leaves are opposite, simple, and palmately lobed (Rathke).

Sugar Maple
 

AMERICAN BASSWOOD

Tilia americana

Family Tiliaceae - Linden family

Other Names: American linden (Rathke).

Growth: Perennial; U.S. native; grows 60-75'; both fire and shade tolerant (USDA, NRCS, 2004); trunk often grows with two or more stems in a cluster (Rathke) .

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Conspicuous yellow flowers bloom in late spring; brown seeds/fruits; (USDA, NRCS, 2004); buds are red; yellowish-green leaves are alternate, simple, and heart shaped (Rathke).

American Basswood
 

AMERICAN ELM

Ulmus americana

Family Ulmaceae - Elm family

Other Names: White elm (Rathke)

Growth: Perennial; U.S. native; vase shape; height 50-70'; intermediate shade tolerance; fire intolerant; frequents deciduous forests and floodplains (USDA, NRCS, 2004).

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Brown fruits/seeds; simple, alternate, doubly toothed leaves (Rathke); flowers are small, white, and clustered (Kricher & Morrison, 1988).

Other Traits: Large elms is rare due to the invasion of Dutch elm disease starting around the 1930s (Rathke).

American Elm
FLOWER SPECIES

BLACK-EYED SUSAN

Rudbeckia hirta

Family Asteraceae - Aster family

Growth: Annual; native to U.S.; grows 1-3'; medium fire tolerance; shade intolerant (USDA, NRCS, 2004); grows in dry fields, along roadsides, in open woods, and waste areas (Peterson & McKenney 1996).

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Conspicuous orange-yellow flower; brown fruits/seeds (USDA, NRCS 2004).

Black-eyed Susan

LEADPLANT

Amorpha canescens

Family Fabaceae - Pea family

Growth Characteristics: Perennial; native to U.S.; mature height is 4'; blooms in early summer; high drought and fire tolerance (USDA, NRCS 2004); frequents prairies (Peterson & McKenney 1996).

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Leaves grow in compound leaflets and have white hairs; flower blooms in a thick violet colored spike (Peterson & McKenney 1996); brown inconspicuous seeds (USDA, NRCS 2004).

 Leadplant

MARSH MARIGOLD

Caltha palustris

Family Ranunculaceae – Buttercup

Other Names: Cowslip

Growth Characteristics: Perennial; U.S. native; height 8-24"; blooms in mid-spring (USDA, NRCS 2004); grows in swamps and brooksides.

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: 5-9 deep yellow "petals" are really sepals; brown fruits/seeds; glossy leaves are round or kidney shaped (Peterson & McKenney 1996).

Marsh Marigold

WILD BERGAMOT

Monarda fistulosa

Family Labiaceae - Mint family

Growth Habit: Perennial; native to U.S.; grows 2-3'; intermediate shade tolerance; fire intolerant (USDA, NRCS 2004); grows in dry edges, thickets, and clearings (Peterson & McKenny 1996).

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Conspicuous red flower; brown seeds/fruits; blooms in summer (USDA, NRCS 2004).

Wild Bergamot

GRASS SPECIES

BIG BLUESTEM

Andropogon gerarrdii

Family Poaceae- Grass Family

Other Names: Turkeyfoot; bluejoint.

Growth Characteristics: Perennial; native to U.S.; mature height is 6 feet. Minimum root depth is 20"; Shade intolerant; High fire tolerance.

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Inconspicuous yellow flowers; brown fruits/seeds; blue stem gets redder as summer progresses (USDA, NRCS 2004). Shoot apices resemble that of a turkey foot.

Big Bluestem

INDIANGRASS

Sorghastrum nutans

Family Poacea - Grass Family

Growth Characteristics: Perennial; native to U.S.; mature height is 4'; minimum root depth is 24"; intolerant of shade; fire tolerant.

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Inconspicuous yellow flowers; brown seeds/fruits (USDA, NRCS 2004); seeds are light and fluffy and slightly oily when rubbed between fingers.

Indiangrass

CANADA WILD RYE

Elymus canadensis

Family Poaceae - Grass family

Growth Characteristics: Perennial; native to U.S.; mature height is 3'; minimum root depth is 16"; low tolerance to fire; shade tolerant; often grows in bothered areas such as sandy shores and disturbed woods.

Fruits/Flowers/Leaves: Inconspicuous yellow flower; brown fruits/seeds; waxy green leaves grow along entire base of stem.

Other Traits: Quick to establish, yet a poor competitor with other species; used as an early succession element of prairie restoration (USDA, NRCS 2004).

Canada Wild Rye
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