The Effects of Recreational Use on Northern Minnesota Forests

Rebecca Hammargren - 2006 Environmental Studies Senior Seminar Research Project

St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota

 

Introduction

About Superior National Forest

Recreation in Superior National Forest

The Impacts of Recreation

Case Studies

Current Policies

Conclusion: Prospects for the Future

Works Cited

Literature Review

 

 

Works Cited

Bright, Julie A. “Hiker impact on herbaceous vegetation along trails in an evergreen woodland of central Texas.” Biological Conservation. 36.1 (1986): 53-69.

Cole, David N. “Effects of three seasons of experimental trampling on five montane forest communities and a grassland in western Montana, USA.” Biological Conservation. 40.3 (1987): 219-244.

Douglass, Robert W. Forest Recreation. Prospect Heights: Waveland Press, 2000.

Farris, Michael A. “The effects of rock climbing on the vegetation of three Minnesota cliff systems.” Canadian Journal of Botany. 76.12 (December 1998): 1981-1990.

Liddle, Michael. Recreation Ecology. Queensland: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

Thurston, Eden and Richard J. Reader. “Impacts of experimentally applied mountain biking and hiking on vegetation and soil of a deciduous forest.” Environmental Management. 27.3 (2001): 397-409.

Wilson, John P. and Joseph P. Seney. “Erosional impact of hikers, horses, motorcycles, and off-road bicycles on mountain trails in Montana.” Mountain Research and Development. 14.1 (1994): 77-88.

Zinser, Charles I. Outdoor Recreation: United States national parks, forests, and public lands. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.