CITATIONS
Bohlen PJ, Groffman PM, Fahey TJ, Fisk MC, Suarex E, Pelletier DM, Fahey RT. 2004. Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of north temperate forests. Ecosystems 7 (1): 1-12
Bohlen, P.J., S. Scheu, C.M. Hale, M.A. McLean, S. Migge, P.M. Groffman, D. Parkinson. 2004. Non-native invasive earthworms as agents of change in northern temperate forests. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2(8):427-435.
Frelich, Lee and Andrew R. Holdsworth. 2002. Exotic Earthworms in Minnesota Hardwood Forests: An investigation of earthworm distribution, understory plant communities and forest floor dynamics in northern hardwood forests. Conservation Biology Research Grants Program. Minnesota DNR.
Groffman, P.M., P.J Bohlen, and M.C. Fisk. et al. 2001. Invasion of north temperate forest soils by exotic earthworms. Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY. http://www.ecostudies.org/research/reports/grofrep2.html.
Hale, C.M. 2004. Ecological consequences of exotic invaders: interactions involving European earthworms and native plant communities in hardwood forests. PhD dissertation. University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources, St Paul, MN.
Hale, C.M., L.E. Frelich, P.B. Reich. 2005. Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA. Ecological Applications 15(3):848-860.
Hendrix PF and Bohlen PJ. 2002. Exotic earthworm invasions in North America: ecological and policy implications. Bioscience 52: 801-11.
James, S.W. 1990. Oligoghaeta: Megascoledidae and other earthworms from southern and midwestern North America. Pp. 379-386. In: Dindal, D.L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Minnesota DNR. (2005) Earthworms: Contain Those Crawlers. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/terrestrialanimals/earthworms/index.html.
Reich, P.B., J. Oleksyn, J. Modrznyski, P. Mrozinski, S.E. Hobbie, D.M. Eissenstat, J. Chorover, OlA. Chadwick, C.M. Hale, and M.G. Tjoelker. 2005. Linking litter calcium, earthworms and soil properties: a common garden test with 14 tree species. Ecology Letters 8:811-818.
Reynolds, J.W., D.R. Linden, C.M. Hale. 2002. The earthworms of Minnesota (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae). Megadrilogia 8(12):86-100.
Suarez ER, Fahey TJ, Yavitt JB, Groffman PM, Bohlen PJ. 2006. Patterns of litter disappearance in northern hardwood forest invaded by exotic earthworms. Ecological Applications 16 (1): 154-165.
Suarez ER, Tierney GL, Fahey TJ, Fahey R. 2006. Exploring patterns of exotic earthworm distribution in temperate hardwood forest in south-central New York, USA. Landscape Ecology 21 (2): 297-306.
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