Tuesday, January 8, 2008
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) is the essence of what people call the "Reniassance man," having the kind of intellect that was well-versed in many different fields. His Book of the Family is a piece of moral philosophy, but he was also a painter and architect of great renown, who composed works of theory in those subjects. At left you see the facade of the Santa Maria Novella, a church in Florence that he designed in a neo-classical style. His passion for order is reflected in the symmetry and balance of the design. You will find that same ideal in the third book of the Family: a place for everything, and everything in its place.
During the 14th century and onward, a group of intellectuals known as humanists revolted against the speculative philosophy and theology being pursued in the medieval universities. They chose instead to focus on the studia humanitatis, the studies relating to life of human beings in the world: political theory, ethics, and economics. The term "economics" literally means "household management," and that is very much the category in which we can place today's reading.
The Alberti family were a wealthy and powerful Florentine clan, but they fell into a rancorous feud with a rival clan, the Albizzi, and ended up banished from Florence. The ban was lifted in 1428, but in the early decades of the 15th century the Alberti lived in exile, a condition that is reflected in the dialogue. Our author was illegitimate, and he himself never married, facts which suggest that the ideal family we read about in this selection is something he wished for rather than achieved in his own life.
Questions and comments:
- Note the different people involved in the dialogue, which is set at the time of Lorenzo's death (Lorenzo was Battista's father). Ricciardo, Lorenzo's brother and business partner, died shortly thereafter. Lionardo is a young adult of about 29 years of age, while Gianozzo is in his 60's.
- What references do you find to the learning of the people engaged in dialgoue? Contrast the "book learning" of Lionardo with the practical knowledge of Gianozzo. The dialogue itself was written in Tuscan, which came to be the vehicle for Italian as a literary language.
- What seems to be the relationship between Lionardo and Gianozzo? Do you take Lionardo's expression of praise of his elder at face value? Why or why not?
- The discussion of thrift has caused some readers to call Gianozzo an Italian Renaissance version of Ben Franklin. Concentrate on the approach to resources outlined here, especially time. How would you characterize it in general? How similar does it appear to our own approach to time and resources?
- The philosophy on whichGianozzo bases his life is a variety of Stoicism: that the only things that truly belong to you are what you can control. Locate passages in which he expands on this idea. What is your response?
- Lionardo and Gianozzo engage in a discussion of the relative merits of a life in public affairs vs. a life of virtuous withdrawal. What position does Gianozzo take, and why?
- How does Gianozzo define "family"? What people does he collect under his roof?
- What are Gianozzo's reasons for preferring a life of economic self-sufficiency?
- What are the two speakers' opinions of peasants? What are their reasons for these views?
- Gianozzo has pronounced views on the value of using kinsmen as employees, rather than strangers. How does this compare to the way we think about such things today?
- We begin the discussion of marriage and gender roles in the family on page 77. Look carefully for examples of gendered language that define Ginaozzo's beliefs about the relative competencies and value of males and females.
- To what extent does Gianozzo take credit for the proper functioning of his wife and family circle? What is your reaction to his comments?
- What is the basis for chastity in a woman? What demands does this virtue make on a woman's behavior?
- What opportunities does Gianozzo allow for intimacy between husband and wife?
- How does Gianozzo characterize noblemen and courtiers? What is the basis for his opposition?
All of these questions address details of the text, but I would like you to connect these details to arrive at a sense of what Gianozzo's prescriptions imply for both men and women as a way of life.

Laurel Carrington carringt@stolaf.edu
Most recent update: January 7, 2008
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