Discuss each of the following phenomena using ideas of lone pairs, polarized bonds, Lewis dot (or just sigma) structures, and/or molecular orbitals.

1. Ammonia is a weak base.
2. Water is both weakly acidic and weakly basic.
3. BF₃ is a weak acid.
4. BH₃, if it existed, would be a weak acid, not a weak base.
5. H₂CO₃ is acidic, but CO₃^2– is basic.
6. HClO4 is a stronger acid than HClO₃, which is stronger than HClO₂.
7. acetic acid, (structure shown on the right) is considered to be a weak acid, but methanol, CH₃OH, is not.